非关税壁垒包括哪些措施英文？

Non-tariff barriers include various measures imposed by governments to restrict or regulate trade, apart from tariffs. These measures may include import quotas, voluntary export restraints, technical regulations, labeling requirements, sanitary and phytosanitary standards, licensing requirements, custom procedures, subsidies, and discriminatory government procurement policies. Non-tariff barriers are used to protect domestic industries, ensure product quality, and safeguard consumers. However, they can also hinder competition, increase costs for exporters, and limit market access. Governments and international organizations aim to reduce and eliminate these barriers through negotiations and agreements, such as the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.

非关税壁垒包括哪些措施英文？

猜你想问